Sensing & Perception
How robots see and feel the world: cameras, LiDAR, radar, IMUs, force and tactile sensing, and the perception on top.
- 01
Robot Sensors: IMUs, Force/Torque & Proprioception
How robots sense themselves: MEMS IMUs, 6-axis force/torque sensors, current-based torque estimation, tactile skin, load cells, and sensor fusion.
- 02
LiDAR & Depth Cameras for Robots
How LiDAR and depth cameras give robots 3D vision: ranging physics, sensor architectures, stereo vs structured light vs ToF, SLAM, and how to pick one.
- 03
Depth Sensing: Stereo, ToF & Structured Light
The three ways a camera measures depth: stereo disparity, structured light, and time-of-flight, with the geometry, specs, failure modes, and how to pick.
- 04
Machine Vision for Automation
Design 2D machine-vision systems: sensors, GigE/USB3 cameras, optics, lighting, calibration, classic vs deep-learning inspection, robot guidance.
- 05
Robot Perception & Object Pose Estimation
How robots find and orient objects: detection, segmentation, 6-DoF pose, tracking, grasp perception, ADD/ADD-S metrics, synthetic data, and bin-picking.
- 06
IMUs & Inertial Navigation
How MEMS IMUs measure motion, why unaided inertial navigation drifts, and how to read the error specs, run Allan variance, and pick a grade.
- 07
Force/Torque Sensing for Robots
How robots feel contact: 6-axis F/T sensors, joint torque sensing, series-elastic actuators, the specs that matter, and how to pick and calibrate one.
- 08
Tactile Sensing & Robot E-Skin
How robots feel: capacitive, piezoresistive, magnetic and optical tactile sensing, slip detection, and the wiring problem behind whole-body e-skin.
- 09
Radar for Robotics
How mmWave FMCW radar measures range, velocity, and angle for robots, why it sees through dust and fog, and how to pick one.
- 10
Event Cameras (Neuromorphic Vision)
How event cameras work: the DVS pixel, microsecond latency, huge dynamic range, the event-stream data model, algorithms, and how to select one.
- 11
Ultrasonic & Proximity Sensing
How robots feel their near field: ultrasonic ranging physics, inductive/capacitive/photoelectric proximity, specs, blind zones, and how to pick one.
- 12
Thermal & Infrared Imaging for Robots
How thermal cameras let robots see heat: microbolometer physics, NETD and radiometry, the emissivity traps, and where LWIR imaging fits on drones and robots.
